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RIC Volume VII - Constantine and Licinius
Volume VII was written by Patrick M. Bruun and edited by C. H.
V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson. The latest edition is from 1966 and was last
reprinted in 1997. It is 778 pages and 24 pages of plates. This volume is
arranged by mint, chronologically by denomination, then alphabetically by
reverse legend.
Note: The following table was created from the information in RIC VII and David
Vagi's "Coinage and History of the Roman Empire" Volumes I and II
| Common Name |
Full Name |
Association |
Date Period |
| Licinius I |
Gaius Valerius Licinianus Licinius |
Augustus, Elevated by Diocletian |
308-324 |
| Constantia |
Flavia Julia Constantia |
Wife of Licinius I |
313-324 |
| Licinius II |
Flavius Valerius Constantinus Licinianus
Licinius |
Caesar/Augustus, Son of Licinius I |
317-324 |
| Valerius Valens |
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Valens |
Augustus, Elevated by Licinius I |
316-317 |
| Martinian |
Sextus Marcius (?) Martinianus |
Augustus, Elevated by Licinius I |
324 |
| Constantine I |
Flavius Valerius Constantinus |
Caesar/Augustus, Son of Constantius I |
306-337 |
| Fausta |
Flavia Maxima Fausta |
Wife of Constantine I |
324-326 |
| Crispus |
Flavius Julius (or Valerius) Crispus |
Caesar, Son of Constantine I |
316-326 |
| Delmatius |
Flavius Julius Delmatius or (Dalmatius) |
Caesar, Grandson of Constantius I |
335-337 |
| Hanniballianus |
Flavius Claudius Hanniballianus (or Hannibalianus) |
Rex Regum, Grandson of Constantius I |
335-337 |
| Constantine II |
Flavius Claudius (or Julius) Constantinus |
Caesar/Augustus, Son of Constantine I |
316-340 |
| Constantius II |
Flavius Julius Valerius Constantius |
Caesar/Augustus, Son of Constantine I |
324-361 |
| Constans |
Flavius Julius Constans |
Caesar/Augustus, Son of Constantine I |
333-350 |
On pages 88-91 of RIC VII, there is a list of 17 obverse bust type
categories that is one of the keys to understanding the coded references.
Although some of these bust types are almost
impossible to acquire, I will list them all and add photographs of the pieces as
they become available. Describing something as "seen from
behind or back" makes much more sense if there is a picture to accompany.
Also, any of these bust types could be facing right or left. The default
is right and if the bust faces left, it is noted as a lower case l in the
description, ie. A6l.
|
( i ) Plain Busts
|
| A - Bare Headed
|
| |
A1 - head bare |
 |
A2 - head bare, draped, cuirassed, seen from back |
| |
A3 - head bare, draped, cuirassed, bust facing |
 |
A4l - head bare, draped, cuirassed |
 |
A5 - head bare, cuirassed |
 |
A6 - head bare, waved hair, mantled (Fausta) |
 |
A6 - head bare, waved hair, mantled (Fausta) |
| |
A7 - head bare, but intertwined plaits encircling head, plaits decorated with
hair-pins, mantled with necklace (Constantia) |
| B - Laureate
|
 |
B1 - head laureate |
| |
B2 - head laureate, looking upwards |
 |
B3 - bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, seen from back |
 |
B3l - bust laureate, draped, cuirassed, seen from back |
 |
B4 - bust laureate, draped, cuirassed |
 |
B4l - bust laureate, draped, cuirassed |
 |
B5 - bust laureate, cuirassed |
 |
B5l - bust laureate, cuirassed |
| |
B6 - bust laureate, wearing trabea |
| C - Radiate
|
 |
C1 - head radiate
|
 |
C2l - bust radiate, draped, cuirassed, seen from back |
 |
C3 - bust radiate, draped, cuirassed |
 |
C3l - bust radiate, draped, cuirassed |
 |
C3l - bust radiate, draped, cuirassed (and mantled?) |
| |
C4 - bust radiate, cuirassed |
 |
Undetermined - bust radiate, cuirassed, seen from behind? |
|
D - Helmeted |
| |
D1 - helmeted, draped, cuirassed
|
 |
D2 - helmeted, cuirassed
Note: Helmet style with chin strap
|
 |
D2 - helmeted, cuirassed
Note: Helmet style with visor and no chin strap
|
 |
D2l - helmeted, cuirassed |
 |
D3l - helmeted, wearing imperial cloak (Vrbs
Roma) |
 |
D4l - helmet with plume, wearing imperial
cloak (Vrbs Roma) |
| |
D5 - laureate, helmeted, draped, cuirassed |
 |
D6 - laureate, helmeted, cuirassed |
 |
D7 - high-crested helmet (bowl-shaped),
cuirassed |
| E - Diademed - (Note:
There is an extremely wide variation in style of diadems within each
category) |
 |
E1 - head with plain diadem
|
| |
E2 - head with rosette-diadem |
 |
E3 - head with pearl-diadem |
 |
E4 - head with plain diadem, looking upwards (also referred
to as "Eyes to God") Note: Diadem with oblique diagonal lines
|
 |
E4 - head with plain diadem, looking upwards
Note: Ladder shaped diadem with each section containing either just an
open circle or an open circle at left and two leaves at right
|
 |
E4 - head with plain diadem, looking upwards
Note: Ladder shaped diadem with each section containing either just an
open circle or an open circle at right and two leaves at left
|
 |
E4 - head with plain diadem, looking upwards
Note: Ladder shaped diadem with single pellet in each section
|
 |
E4 - head with plain diadem, looking upwards
Note: Bands adorned with pearls and jewels with small forehead jewel
|
| |
E5 - head with rosette-diadem, looking upwards |
| |
E6 - head with pearl-diadem, looking upwards |
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E7 - plain diadem, draped, cuirassed bust |
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E8 - rosette-diadem, draped, cuirassed bust |
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E8 - rosette-diadem, draped, cuirassed bust |
| |
E9 - pearl-diadem, draped, cuirassed bust |
 |
E10 - diademed, mantled, with necklace
(Helena) |
 |
E10 - diademed, mantled, with necklace
(Helena)
Note: Diademed, mantled bust right, wearing double-strand pearl necklace, hair brushed
straight back, small waves along forehead to ear,
loop braid at base of head, plait tucked under while carried up the back and
looped at top
|
| |
E11 - double pearl-diadem with forehead jewel
on plait encircling head, mantled with necklace
(Helena) |
| F - Veiled |
 |
F1 - head veiled and laureate |
| ( ii ) Busts with adjuncts |
| G - Laureate with spear and/or shield (also either together or with other
adjuncts) |
| |
G1 - laureate, draped, spear across right shoulder |
| |
G2 - laureate, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder |
| |
G3 - laureate, draped with shield |
| |
G4 - laureate, cuirassed with shield |
 |
G5l - laureate, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder,
shield on left arm |
| |
G6 - laureate, head right, bust cuirassed, facing, spear
across right shoulder, shield on left arm |
 |
G7l - laureate, heroic (nude) bust, spear pointing forward, shield on left arm |
 |
G8l - laureate, cuirassed with spear pointing forward,
shield on left arm |
| |
G9 - laureate, cuirassed with spear pointing forward,
shield on right arm |
| |
G10 - laureate, draped, cuirassed with spear pointing forward, globe in left hand |
| |
G11 - laureate, cuirassed, spear across left shoulder, holding horse by bridle with left
hand |
| |
G12 - laureate, cuirassed, shield on left arm, holding horse by bridle with left hand |
| |
G13 - laureate, cuirassed, spear and shield on left arm, holding horse by bridle with left
hand |
| |
G14 - laureate, cuirassed, two arrows in right hand, one in left hand, shield on left arm |
| H - Helmeted with spear and/or shield |
| |
H1 - helmeted, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder |
 |
H2l - helmeted, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder, shield on left arm |
| |
H3 - helmeted, cuirassed, spear across left shoulder, shield |
 |
H4l - helmeted, cuirassed, spear pointing forward, shield |
| |
H5 - helmeted, draped, spear on left arm, holding horse by bridle with right hand |
 |
H6 - laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder, shield on left
arm |
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H7 - laureate, helmeted, draped, spear pointing forward, shield on left arm |
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H8 - laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, spear pointing forward, shield on left arm |
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H9 - laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, shield on left shoulder, Victory on globe in
right hand |
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H10 - laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder, shield on left
arm, holding horse by bridle |
 |
H11l - high-crested helmet, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder |
| |
H12 - high-crested helmet, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder, shield on
left arm |
| |
H13 - high-crested helmet, cuirassed, three-quarters facing, holding horse by
bridle with right hand, reversed spear on left arm |
| |
H14 - high-crested helmet, cuirassed, three-quarters facing, reversed spear
across right shoulder, shield on left arm |
| I - With Victory on globe |
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I1l - laureate, draped, Victory on globe in
right hand, mappa in left hand |
| |
I2 - laureate, draped, Victory on globe in
right hand, scepter in left hand |
| |
I3 - laureate, draped, cuirassed, Victory on globe in right hand, spear across
right shoulder |
| |
I4 - laureate, draped, cuirassed, Victory on globe in left hand, spear pointing
forward in right hand |
| |
I5 - laureate, cuirassed, spear across left shoulder, shield, Victory on globe
in left hand |
| |
I6 - radiate, with trabea, Victory on globe in right hand |
| |
I7 - head with nimbus, bust three-quarters facing, wearing trabea, Victory on
globe in right hand, scepter in left hand (same as Q3) |
| |
I8 - diademed, draped, cuirassed, Victory on globe in right hand |
| |
I9 - high-crested helmet, cuirassed, Victory on globe in right hand |
| |
I10 - laureate, draped, cuirassed, Victory on globe in left hand, raising right
hand |
| J - With globe, scepter and/or mappa |
 |
J1 - laureate, draped, globe, scepter in left
hand, mappa in right |
 |
J1l - laureate, draped, globe, scepter in left
hand, mappa in right |
| |
J2 - laureate, cuirassed, mappa in left hand |
| |
J3 - laureate, draped, cuirassed, mappa in raised right hand, scepter across
left shoulder |
| K - Consular |
| |
K1 - laureate, wearing trabea |
| |
K2 - laureate, cuirassed, eagle-tipped scepter in right hand |
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K3 - laureate, wearing trabea, eagle-tipped
scepter in right hand |
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K3l - laureate, wearing trabea, eagle-tipped
scepter in right hand |
| |
K4 - laureate, wearing trabea, eagle-tipped
scepter in right hand, globe |
| |
K5 - radiate, wearing trabea, eagle-tipped scepter in right hand |
| |
K6 - helmeted, cuirassed, eagle-tipped scepter in right hand |
| |
K7 - diademed, wearing trabea, eagle-tipped scepter in right hand |
| L - Showing imperatorial gestus (raising hand, holding globe) |
| |
L1 - laureate, draped, cuirassed, raising
right hand |
| |
L2 - laureate, cuirassed, raising right hand |
 |
L3l - laureate, draped, cuirassed, raising right hand, globe in left hand |
| |
L4 - radiate, cuirassed, raising right hand, globe in left hand |
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L5 - radiate, wearing trabea, raising right hand, globe in left hand |
| |
L6 - nimbate bust, facing, draped, cuirassed, raising right hand, globe in left
hand (same as Q2) |
| |
L7 - helmeted, cuirassed, raising right hand |
| |
L8 - diademed, draped, cuirassed, raising right hand, globe in left hand |
| M - With globe |
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M1l - laureate, cuirassed, with globe |
| |
M2 - laureate, wearing trabea, holding globe |
| |
M3 - high-crested helmet, wearing trabea, holding globe |
| N - Helmeted with reversed spear (Constantinopolis) |
 |
N1l - laureate, helmeted, wearing imperial
cloak, reversed spear |
| |
N2 - helmet with pearl diadem, wearing
imperial cloak, reversed spear (Note: the pearl diadem is not a diadem
proper, but is the result of the technique of engraving the laurel wreath,
particularly at Cyzicus) |
| O - Conjugate busts |
| |
O1 - Sol radiate, Constantine laureate, draped, cuirassed, raising right hand,
globe in left hand |
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O2 - Sol radiate, Constantine laureate, cuirassed with spear and shield |
| P - Confronted busts |
| |
P1 - nimbate busts, bare-headed, facing, draped, cuirassed |
| |
P2 - laureate, draped, facing one another, together holding Victory on globe,
each holding short sceptre |
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P3 - laureate, draped, facing one another, together holding trophy with two
shields |
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P4 - laureate, draped, facing one another, together holding Fortuna |
| Q - Nimbate busts facing |
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Q1 - nimbate, draped, cuirassed |
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Q2 - nimbate, draped, cuirassed, raising right hand, globe in left hand (same as L6) |
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Q3 - nimbate, draped, cuirassed, Victory on globe in right hand, mappa in left hand (same
as I7) |
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*** Bust types not in RIC VII of coins from the
period ***
|
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H Series - Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed, spear across right shoulder,
no shield |
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I Series - Laureate, cuirassed, Victory on globe in
right hand, scepter in left hand |
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I Series - Laureate, cuirassed, Victory on globe in
right hand, mappa in left hand
|
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I Series - Laureate, cuirassed, Victory on globe in
right hand, mappa in left hand
|
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I Series -
Laureate half-length bust right, wearing trabea, scepter (?) in right
hand, globe in left surmounted by radiate Sol standing facing, nude but
for chlamys over left shoulder, right hand raised
|
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Draped, cuirassed bust, wearing Pannonian cap |
Late Roman
Empire
A
fellow Late Roman collector, Warren Esty, has done a phenomenal job documenting
his collection and a great deal of information about coin types and
history. Please click
here to visit his site, but be prepared to spend several hours absorbing all
of the information!
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