X: End of the Empire

RIC Volume X - Divided Empire to Fall of Empire

Volume X was written by J. P. C. Kent and edited by R. A. G. Carson, J. P. C. Kent and A. M. Burnett. The latest edition is from 1994 and has not been reprinted. It is 509 pages and 80 pages of plates. This volume is arranged chronologically by issuer, mint, denomination, chronologically within denomination, then alphabetically by reverse legend - the first half being the Eastern Empire, followed by the Western Empire beginning on p. 317. Also at times, coinage was minted in the Eastern and Western mints in the names of the co-rulers in the opposite part of the empire, which can make attributing from this volume a bit confusing at first as rulers appear in both sections.

Note: The following table was created from the information in RIC X and David Vagi's "Coinage and History of the Roman Empire" Volumes I and II

Common Name	Full Name	Association	Date Period	Coin Pages in RIC
Eastern Empire
Arcadius	Flavius Arcadius	Augustus, Son of Theodosius I	383-408	239-252
Aelia Eudoxia	Aelia Eudoxia	Wife of Arcadius	400-404	239-252
Theodosius II	Flavius Theodosius	Augustus, Son of Arcadius	402-450	253-277 and 355-358
Aelia Pulcheria	Aelia Pulcheria	Wife of Marcian	414-453	253-277
Aelia Eudocia	Aelia Eudocia (earlier Athenais)	Wife of Theodosius II	423-460	253-277
Marcian	Flavius Valerius Marcianus	Augustus, Chosen by Aspar	450-457	278-283 and 386-387
Leo I	Flavius Valerius Leo	Augustus, Chosen by Aspar	457-474	284-296 and 392-398
Aelia Verina	Aelia Verina	Wife of Leo I	457-484	284-296
Patricius	Patricius	Caesar, Son of Aspar	470-471	None
Leo II	Leo	Augustus, Son of Zeno	473-474	297-298
Zeno	Zeno (earlier Tarasis or Tarasicodissa)	Augustus, Elevated by Leo I	474-491	299-300 and 306-315 and 443-449
Aelia Ariadne	Aelia Ariadne	Wife of Zeno and Anastasius	474?-515	306-315
Basiliscus	Basiliscus	Augustus, Usurper in Constantinople	475-476	301-305 and 435-437
Aelia Zenonis	Aelia Zenonis	Wife of Basiliscus	475-476	301-305
Marcus	Marcus	Augustus, Usurper in Constantinople	475-476	301-305
Leo Caesar	Leo (formerly Basiliscus)	Caesar, Adopted son of Zeno	476-477	306-315
Leontius	Leontius	Augustus, Usurper in Tarsus	484-488	316
Western Empire
Honorius	Flavius Honorius	Augustus, Son of Theodosius I	393-423	317-342
Constantine III	Flavius Claudius Constantinus	Augustus, Usurper in Gaul	407-411	347-350
Constans II	Constans	Augustus, Usurper in Gaul/Spain	408-411	347-350
Maximus of Spain	Maximus	Augustus, Usurper in Spain	409-411	351
Priscus Attalus	Priscus Attalus	Augustus, Gothic Puppet Emperor	409-410 and 415-416	343-346
Jovinus	Jovinus	Augustus, Usurper in Mainz	411-413	352-354
Sebastianus	Sebastianus	Augustus, Usurper in Mainz	412-413	352-354
Constantius III	Flavius Constantius	Augustus, Elevated by Honorius	421	317-342
Galla Placidia	Aelia Galla Placidia	Wife of Constantius III	421-450	317-342
Johannes	Johannes	Augustus, Usurper in Honorius' Court	423-425	359-361
Valentinian III	Flavius Placidius Valentinianus	Augustus, Son of Constantius III	424-455	363-384
Honoria	Justa Grata Honoria	Sister of Valentinian III	426?-450?	363-384
Licinia Eudoxia	Licinia Eudoxia	Wife of Valentinian III and Petronius Maximus	439-490	363-384
Petronius Maximus	Flavius Anicius Petronius Maximus	Augustus, Usurper in Rome	455	385
Avitus	Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius Avitus	Augustus, Elevated by Marcian	455-456	388-390
Majorian	Flavius Julius Valerius Majorianus	Augustus, Chosen by Ricimer	457-461	399-405
Libius Severus	Libius or Livius Severus (Severus III)	Augustus, Chosen by Ricimer	461-475	406-409
Ricimer	Flavius Ricimer	Master of Soldiers	456-472	None
Anthemius	Procopius Anthemius	Augustus, Elevated by Leo I	467-472	411-421
Aelia Euphemia	Aelia Marcia Euphemia	Wife of Anthemius	467-472?	411-421
Alypia	Alypia	Wife of Ricimer	467?-472?	None
Olybrius	Anicius Olybrius	Augustus, Chosen by Ricimer	472	422-423
Glycerius	Flavius Glycerius	Augustus, Chosen by Gundobad	473-474	424-426
Gundobad	Gundobad or Gundobald	Master of Soldiers	472-474	464
Julius Nepos	Flavius Julius Nepos	Augustus, Elevated by Leo I	474-475 and 477-480	427-434
Romulus Augustus	Romulus "Augustus"	Augustus, Usurper in Germany	475-476	438-441
Odovacar	Flavius Odovacar (Odacer)	King of Italy	476-493	442

On the monogram identification chart - note that RIC shows several monograms for the same number for some issues.

* Monogram Identification Chart *
Theodosius II
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2	RIC Monogram 3	RIC Monogram 4	RIC Monogram 5
Marcian
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2	RIC Monogram 3	RIC Monogram 4
RIC Monogram 5	RIC Monogram 5	RIC Monogram 5	RIC Monogram 6	RIC Monogram 7
RIC Monogram 8	Monogram 3 variant, not in RIC	Monogram 5 variant, not in RIC	Wroth Monogram 107-108 Vandal Period
Leo I
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2	RIC Monogram 3	RIC Monogram 4
RIC Monogram 5	RIC Monogram 5	RIC Monogram 6
Basiliscus
RIC Monogram 1
Zenonis
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2
Basiliscus and Marcus
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 1
Zeno
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2	RIC Monogram 3	RIC Monogram 4	RIC Monogram 4a
RIC Monogram 5	RIC Monogram 6	RIC Monogram 7	RIC Monogram 8	RIC Monogram 9
RIC Monogram 10	RIC Monogram 11	RIC Monogram 12	RIC Monogram 13	RIC Monogram 14
Libius Severus
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2
Anthemius
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 2	RIC Monogram 3	RIC Monogram 4	RIC Monogram 5
RIC Monogram 6	RIC Monogram 7
Julius Nepos
RIC Monogram 1
Odovacar
RIC Monogram 1	RIC Monogram 1
Gundobad
RIC Monogram 1

For more illustrations of the monograms found on some of the Late Roman Bronzes, please click here to visit John McIntosh's site at Ancient Artifacts & Treasures.